석유 및 석유화학
입자 크기는 석유화학 산업에서 매우 중요한 파라미터입니다.
그리고 입자를 측정하는 방법이 여기에서 핵심 문제가 됩니다. Bettersize 레이저 입자 분석기는 입자 크기 분석을 위한 매우 전문적인 기기입니다. Bettersize Instruments Ltd에서 생산하는 레이저 입자 크기 시험기는 높은 정확도와 반복성으로 국제 표준을 충족합니다.
Bettersize 레이저 입자 크기 분석기 습식 분산 시스템은 다음을 감지하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다:
촉매: 촉매 연구 및 품질 관리를 포함합니다. 이것은 정유 공장 및 촉매 공장의 주요 응용 분야입니다.
연도 가스: 연도 가스 터빈의 전면 파이프에 있는 연도 가스의 입자 함량과 분포를 분석하여 안전한 작동을 보장할 수 있습니다.
Carclazyte: 윤활유 첨가제.
유화 액체: 입자 크기는 유화 액체의 안정성을 결정합니다.
PVC, 페닐에틸렌 및 ABS: 원료 및 제품의 품질 관리 및 연구.
화학 섬유: 원료 및 제품의 품질 관리 및 연구.
좋은 효과를 내기 위해 사용되는 입자 크기의 좋은 예는 석유, 물 및 합성 기반 굴착 진흙의 제조입니다. 드릴링 머드는 새로운 유정에서 오일을 추출하고 기존 유정에서 유정 작업을 유지하는 목적에 맞게 만들기 위해 제형이 조작되는 복잡한 현탁액입니다. Bettersize 입도 시험 장비는 우수한 입도 시험 방법으로 완벽한 입도 분포 시험 절차를 갖추고 있으며 석유 화학 산업에서 널리 사용되는 신뢰할 수 있는 입도 분석 보고서를 제공합니다.
드릴링 머드는 원래 여전히 주요 역할인 드릴 비트를 윤활하고 냉각하도록 설계되었습니다. 요즈음 목적에 맞는 진흙은 액체와 고체가 암석층으로 침투하는 것을 막아야 합니다. 특정 유정의 지질학적 특성이 다른 경우 다른 입자 크기 분포가 필요하다는 점을 염두에 두어야 합니다. 또한 진흙은 생산 구역에서 절단물을 운반하여 우물을 깨끗이 유지해야 합니다.
마지막으로 진흙은 유정을 안정시키고 시추하는 동안 오일 및/또는 가스 누출을 막기에 충분한 정수압을 제공해야 합니다.
암석의 공극 크기보다 작은 진흙 입자는 순환하는 동안 공극을 연결합니다. 이것은 시추하는 동안 유정을 떠나는 유체를 막는 필터 케이크의 형성으로 이어져 유 을 안정화시킵니다. 입자가 너무 작으면 암석에 깊숙이 침투하여 기공을 막고 생산에 영구적인 손상을 줄 수 있습니다. 1970년대에 Abram은 중간 입자 크기가 막힘을 방지하기 위해 암석의 공극 크기의 1/3보다 약간 커야 한다고 제안했습니다. 90년대에 Hands는 입자의 90%가 암석의 공극 크기보다 작도록 유체의 가교 특성을 선택해야 한다고 권고했습니다. 가교제의 크기가 완벽하게 일치하면 액체와 입자가 암석으로 유입되는 것을 최소화할 수 있습니다. 현재 페인트의 안료 분포에 원래 사용된 IDT(Ideal Packing Theory)는 모든 것을 포괄하는 이론으로 받아들여지고 있습니다. (IDT)는 브리지를 시작하는 데 필요한 입자의 크기만 예측하는 Abram의 규칙과 달리 입자 크기 분포를 최적화하고 유체 침입을 더욱 줄이고 웰의 밀봉을 최적화하는 이상적인 패킹 순서를 나타낼 수 있습니다.
아래의 Bettersize 제품과 같은 입자 크기 조정 시스템은 이 작업을 지원하는 데 이상적입니다.
Citations
- Bettersizer 2600
Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article
Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas. - Bettersizer 2600
Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO2 from flue gas
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read ArticleChina University of Petroleum | 2024In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO2-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H2O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO2-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.
- Bettersizer 2600
De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read ArticleShihezi University | 2024The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern. - Bettersizer 2600
Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read ArticleGansu Agricultural University | 2024Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.
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