화학
Bettersize Instruments는 화학 물질의 입자 크기, 입자 모양 및 분말 특성의 연구 및 생산 제어에 널리 사용됩니다.
화학 물질의 생산을 개발하고 최적화하기 위해서는 입자 크기, 입자 모양 및 분말 특성을 포함하여 화학 물질의 일련의 물리적 특성을 모니터링해야 합니다.
폴리머와 플라스틱은 전 세계적으로 화학 산업 생산의 가장 큰 부문을 구성합니다. 주요 제품은 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리염화비닐, 폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트, 폴리스티렌 및 폴리카보네이트입니다. 이러한 재료의 입자 크기 측정은 생산 및 R&D 과정에서 매우 중요한 역할을 합니다.
- 플라스틱의 주요 시장은 포장재이며 그 다음으로 주택 건설, 용기, 가전 제품, 파이프, 운송, 장난감 및 게임이 있습니다.
- 고분자 제품 중 가장 많이 사용되는 폴리에틸렌(PE)은 주로 포장용 필름, 우유병, 용기, 파이프 등에 사용됩니다.
- 또 다른 대용량 제품인 폴리염화비닐(PVC)은 건설 시장용 배관과 사이딩, 운송 및 포장재를 만드는 데 주로 사용됩니다.
- PVC와 부피가 비슷한 폴리프로필렌(PP)은 포장, 가전제품, 용기에서 의류, 카페트에 이르기까지 다양한 시장에 사용됩니다.
- 또 다른 대용량 플라스틱인 폴리스티렌(PS)은 주로 가전 제품, 포장재, 특히 충돌 결과를 줄이기 위한 차량 내 보호용 안전 기능으로 사용됩니다.
- 주요 인조 섬유에는 폴리에스테르, 나일론, 폴리프로필렌 및 아크릴이 포함되며 의류, 가정용 가구 및 기타 산업 및 소비자 용도를 포함합니다.
기타 화학 제품에는 다음이 포함됩니다.
- 합성 고무, 계면 활성제, 염료 및 안료, 테레빈유, 수지, 카본 블랙, 폭발물 및 고무 제품.
- 무기화학물질로는 염, 가성소다, 소다회, 산(질산, 인산, 황산 등), 이산화티타늄 등이 있습니다.
- 비료는 인산염, 암모니아 및 칼륨 화학 물질을 포함하여 가장 작은 범주입니다.
플라스틱 제조에 사용되는 공정 장비에는 사출 금형, 압축 금형, 압출기 및 회전 금형이 포함됩니다. 이러한 모든 공정에 공통적으로 펠릿 또는 분말이 출발 물질로 사용된다는 것입니다. 공급 재료의 특성은 융점과 같은 특정 기준을 충족해야 합니다. 또한 화학적 조성, 굴곡 강도, 압축 강도, 내충격성, 밀도, 내약품성 및 인장 강도는 결과물에 특성을 부여합니다. 펠릿의 입자 크기는 폴리머의 가공성에 크게 기여합니다. 가열 시 호퍼의 유동성과 용융 속도는 공정 속도에 직접적인 영향을 미칩니다. 입자(펠릿)는 일반적으로 운송 및 적용을 위해 200~2,000미크론 범위에서 생성됩니다.
산업 발전을 촉진하기 위해서는 더 나은 입자 크기 측정 방법이 필요합니다. 그렇다면 어떤 종류의 입자 크기 분석 방법이 더 좋을까요? Bettersize 레이저 입자 분석기는 다음 측면에서 화학 물질 개발을 지원할 수 있습니다.
- 재료의 입자 크기, 입자 모양, 분말 특성 및 기타 특성 측정
- 성능 및 안정성을 보장하기 위한 벤치마크 제품 측정
- 규제 표준 준수를 위한 품질 관리
- 적합한 포장재 개발
Citations
- Bettersizer 2600
Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article
Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas. - Bettersizer 2600
Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO2 from flue gas
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read ArticleChina University of Petroleum | 2024In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO2-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H2O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO2-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.
- Bettersizer 2600
De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read ArticleShihezi University | 2024The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern. - Bettersizer 2600
Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read ArticleGansu Agricultural University | 2024Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.
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