Petróleo y petroquímica
El tamaño de las partículas es un parámetro muy importante en la industria petroquímica.
Y la forma de medir las partículas se convierte aquí en una cuestión fundamental. Bettersize analizador láser de partículas es un instrumento muy profesional para el análisis del tamaño de las partículas. El analizador láser de tamaño de partículas producido por Bettersize Instruments Ltd cumple con el estándar internacional con alta precisión y repetibilidad.
El analizador láser de tamaño de partícula Bettersize sistema de dispersión húmeda puede ayudarle a detectar:
Catalizadores: incluyendo la investigación y el control de calidad de catalizadores. Esta es su principal aplicación en refinerías de petróleo y plantas de catalizadores.
Gases de combustión: puede analizar el contenido de partículas y la distribución de los gases de combustión en el tubo frontal de las turbinas de gases de combustión, garantizando un funcionamiento seguro.
Carclazyte : aditivo para lubricantes.
Líquidos emulsionados: el tamaño de las partículas determina la estabilidad de los líquidos emulsionados.
PVC, feniletileno y ABS: control de calidad e investigación de materias primas y productos.
Fibras químicas: control de calidad e investigación de materias primas y productos.
Un buen ejemplo del uso de la granulometría es la fabricación de lodos de perforación a base de aceite, agua y materiales sintéticos. Los lodos de perforación son suspensiones complejas cuya formulación se manipula con el fin de hacerlos aptos para el proceso de extracción de petróleo de pozos nuevos y el mantenimiento del funcionamiento de pozos petrolíferos ya establecidos. El equipo de ensayo granulométrico Bettersize dispone de un procedimiento de ensayo de distribución granulométrica perfecto con un método de ensayo granulométrico excelente y ofrece un informe de análisis granulométrico fiable, que se utilizan ampliamente en la industria petroquímica.
Los lodos de perforación se diseñaron originalmente para lubricar y refrigerar la broca, que sigue siendo su función principal. Hoy en día, un lodo adecuado debe impedir la entrada de fluidos y sólidos en la formación rocosa. Hay que tener en cuenta que se necesitará una distribución granulométrica diferente si un pozo concreto tiene una geología distinta. Además, el lodo debe mantener el pozo limpio transportando los recortes de la zona de producción.
Por último, el lodo debe estabilizar el pozo y proporcionar una presión hidrostática suficiente para impedir la salida de petróleo y/o gas durante la perforación.
Las partículas del lodo más pequeñas que el tamaño de los poros de la formación rocosa cierran los poros mientras circulan. Así se forma una torta de filtración que impide que los fluidos salgan del pozo durante la perforación, estabilizándolo. Si las partículas son demasiado pequeñas, pueden penetrar profundamente en la roca bloqueando los poros y dañar permanentemente la producción. En los años 70, Abram sugirió que el tamaño medio de las partículas debía ser superior a 1/3 del tamaño de los poros de la roca para evitar el bloqueo. Posteriormente, en los años 90, Hands recomendó que las propiedades de puenteo del fluido deben seleccionarse de modo que el 90% de las partículas sean menores que el tamaño de los poros de la roca. Una coincidencia perfecta del tamaño del agente puente minimizaría la entrada de fluido y partículas en la roca. En la actualidad, la teoría del empaquetamiento ideal (IDT), utilizada originalmente en las distribuciones de pigmentos en la pintura, está ganando aceptación como teoría omnicomprensiva. (IDT) puede optimizar la distribución del tamaño de las partículas e indicar la secuencia de empaquetamiento ideal que reducirá aún más la invasión de fluidos y optimizará el sellado del pozo, a diferencia de la regla de Abram, que sólo predice el tamaño de partícula necesario para iniciar un puente.
Los sistemas de dimensionamiento de partículas, como los productos Bettersize que se indican a continuación, son ideales para ayudar en esta labor.
Citations
- Bettersizer 2600
Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article
Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas. - Bettersizer 2600
Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO2 from flue gas
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read ArticleChina University of Petroleum | 2024In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO2-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H2O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO2-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.
- Bettersizer 2600
De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read ArticleShihezi University | 2024The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern. - Bettersizer 2600
Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read ArticleGansu Agricultural University | 2024Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 84
Recursos seleccionados
Analizador granulométrico relacionado
BeVision D2
Dynamic Image Analyzer
Dispersion type: Dry
Measurement range: 30 - 10,000μm
Technology: Dynamic Image Analysis