Chemikalien
Bettersize-Instrumente werden häufig zur Untersuchung und Produktionskontrolle der Partikelgröße, Partikelform und Pulvereigenschaften von Chemikalien eingesetzt.
Um die Produktion chemischer Materialien zu entwickeln und zu optimieren, müssen eine Reihe physikalischer Eigenschaften von Chemikalien überwacht werden, darunter Partikelgröße, Partikelform und Pulvereigenschaften.
Polymere und Kunststoffe machen weltweit etwa den größten Teil der Produktion der chemischen Industrie aus. Die wichtigsten Produkte sind Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyethylenterephthalat, Polystyrol und Polycarbonat. Die Messung der Partikelgröße dieser Materialien spielt eine sehr wichtige Rolle bei ihrer Herstellung und Forschung und Entwicklung.
Die wichtigsten Märkte für Kunststoffe sind Verpackungen, gefolgt von Hausbau, Behältern, Geräten, Rohren, Transportwesen, Spielzeug und Spielen.
● Das meist hergestellte Polymerprodukt Polyethylen (PE) wird hauptsächlich in Verpackungsfolien, Milchflaschen, Behältern und Rohren verwendet.
● Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), ein weiteres häufig eingesetztes Produkt, wird hauptsächlich zur Herstellung von Rohrleitungen für den Baumarkt sowie von Verkleidungs-, Transport- und Verpackungsmaterialien verwendet.
● Polypropylen (PP) ist ähnlich häufig wie PVC und wird in Märkten eingesetzt, die von Verpackungen, Geräten und Behältern bis hin zu Kleidung und Teppichen reichen.
● Polystyrol (PS), ebenfalls ein weitverbreiteter Kunststoff, wird hauptsächlich für Geräte, Verpackungen und insbesondere als Sicherheitselement für den Schutz im Auto verwendet, um die Folgen eines Unfalls zu reduzieren.
● Zu den führenden Chemiefasern gehören Polyester, Nylon, Polypropylen und Acryl, mit Anwendungen wie Bekleidung, Heimtextilien und anderen Industrie- und Verbraucheranwendungen.
Weitere chemische Erzeugnisse sind:
● synthetischer Kautschuk, Tenside, Farbstoffe und Pigmente, Terpentin, Harze, Ruß, Sprengstoffe und Gummierzeugnisse
● Zu den anorganischen Chemikalien gehören Salz, Ätznatron, Soda, Säuren (wie Salpetersäure, Phosphorsäure und Schwefelsäure) und Titandioxid.
● Düngemittel sind die kleinste Kategorie, darunter Phosphate, Ammoniak und Kalichemikalien.
Zur Herstellung von Kunststoffen werden unter anderem Spritzgießformen, Pressformen, Extruder und Rotationsformen verwendet. Allen diesen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass als Ausgangsmaterial ein Granulat oder Pulver verwendet wird. Die Eigenschaften des Ausgangsmaterials müssen bestimmte Kriterien erfüllen, z.B. Schmelzpunkt. Darüber hinaus bestimmen die chemische Zusammensetzung, die Biegefestigkeit, die Druckfestigkeit, die Schlagzähigkeit, die Dichte, die chemische Beständigkeit und die Zugfestigkeit die Eigenschaften des entstehenden Erzeugnisses. Die Teilchengröße des Granulats trägt wesentlich zur Verarbeitbarkeit des Polymers bei. Die Fließfähigkeit aus dem Trichter und die Schmelzgeschwindigkeit beim Erhitzen wirken sich direkt auf die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit aus. Für den Transport und die Anwendung werden in der Regel Partikel (Granulate) im Bereich von 200 bis 2.000 Mikrometern hergestellt.
Um die Entwicklung der Industrie voranzutreiben, werden bessere Methoden zur Partikelgrößenmessung benötigt. Welche Art von Partikelgrößenmethoden sind also besser? Das Bettersize-Messgerät kann bei der Entwicklung von Chemikalien in folgenden Bereichen helfen:
● Messung der Partikelgröße, Partikelform, Pulvereigenschaften und anderer Materialeigenschaften
● Messung von Referenz-Materialien, um deren Leistung und Stabilität sicherzustellen
● Qualitätskontrolle, um die Einhaltung gesetzlicher Standards sicherzustellen
● Entwicklung geeigneter Verpackungsmaterialien
Citations
- Bettersizer 2600
Functional redundancy as an indicator for evaluating functional diversity of macrobenthos under the mussel raft farm near Gouqi Island
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740024 Read Article
Zhejiang Ocean University | 2024Biological traits analysis (BTA) helps to evaluate the effects of different environmental variables on the traits-based functional composition of macrobenthos. However, research on functional traits of macrobenthos under mussel farming is limited. We investigated the spatial and temporal response of the benthic system in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity to environmental variables of farming and natural stressors resulting from suspended mussel farming near Gouqi Island of eastern China Sea. The functional traits of macrobenthic assemblages under mussel farming were characterized by “medium adult body size”, “vermiform body form”, “high flexibility”, “infauna”, “semi-motile”, “gonochoristic”, “surface deposit-feeders”, “carnivores”, “semi-motile burrowers”, and “tube-dwellers”. Functional redundancy was stable in response to mussel farming stresses among seasons, whereas species diversity showed efficient to evaluate natural variables. Functional diversity was significantly affected by farming stressors rather than natural variables, Further analysis using multivariate methods together with continuous monitoring were highlighted to evaluate the impacts of mussel farming. Our results reinforce the importance of macrobenthic species and functional traits analysis to evaluate human stresses driven impacts in offshore ecosystems. By analysing the environmental variables with different sources, independently, we concluded the main effects of human pressures on macrobenthic community. Such distinction could be particularly effective to isolate variable environmental descriptors and evaluate their effects on functional diversity, making the current approach promising for the evaluation of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in aquaculture areas. - Bettersizer 2600
Degradation characteristics and utilization strategies of a covalent bonded resin-based solid amine during capturing CO2 from flue gas
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125621 Read ArticleChina University of Petroleum | 2024In this study, various types of degradation as well as attrition which are possibly encountered in a circulating fluidized bed temperature swing adsorption (CFB-TSA) process, were conducted experimentally to evaluate the stability of a resin-based solid amine sorbent. Other characterizations methods, such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were applied to further reveal the degradation mechanisms. The results showed that thermal degradation occurs from 140–160 °C due to the decomposition of amine group. The CO2-induced degradation occurs from a higher temperature of 160–180 °C accompanied by the production of urea. Hydrothermal stability is good below 130 °C, but the ionic impurities in steam crystalized on particle surface can accelerate the degradation. Oxidative degradation is the most harmful, which starts at a lower temperature of 70–80 °C with the formation of aldehyde. The existence of H2O in atmosphere can alleviate the oxidative and CO2-induced degradations. The employed sorbent has a very low attrition index of 0.05, which is 1–2 orders lower than typical commercial fluidized bed catalysts. Based on the results of stability evaluation, some design suggestions for proper utilization of this sorbent or other similar resin-based sorbents have been provided in an industrial CFB-TSA process.
- Bettersizer 2600
De-branching of starch molecules enhanced the complexation with chitosan and its potential utilization for delivering hydrophobic compounds
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109498 Read ArticleShihezi University | 2024The current study aimed to prepare the complexes between debranched-waxy corn starch and chitosan polymers (DBS-CS), and then investigated their corresponding structural characteristics, rheological property and potent application in Pickering emulsion. The results indicated that the existence of chitosan significantly inhibited starch short-range molecular rearrangement for all DBS-CS samples, which was manipulated by both debranching treatment and chitosan content. Interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that the outstanding peak at 1.8 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum for sample DBS-CS was gradually shifted towards a lower-field region following an increased chitosan content. Moreover, the debranching treatment shifted the crystallinity pattern from A-type to B-type and the relative crystallinity of DBS-CS decreased gradually with the increased content of CS. All samples had a pseudoplastic fluid and shear-thinning behavior with an enhanced shear resistance following the complexation. The DBS-CS was applied in a Pickering emulsion for showing a greater emulsifying stability and a lower gel strength than native NS-CS prepared emulsion. Importantly, the encapsulation ability of curcumin in the DBS-CS emulsion was significantly improved, followed by an increase of 15.45% for its corresponding bioavailability compared to the control. Therefore, this study might highlight a potential carrier for delivering the bioactive substances in a green pattern. - Bettersizer 2600
Heat-induced aggregation behavior of wheat gluten after adding citrus pectin with different esterification degree
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109420 Read ArticleGansu Agricultural University | 2024Wheat gluten aggregation during heat treatment is beneficial to the final quality of gluten-based products. Exogenous pectin can affect gluten aggregation. However, the effect of pectin with different degrees of esterification on the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten and its possible mechanism are still unclear. Thus, the heat-induced aggregation behavior of gluten after adding pectin with different esterification degree was studied in this study. When the temperature was raised from 25 °C to 95 °C, pectin affected gluten aggregation and was related to the degree of esterification. Specifically, the results of rheological properties and particle size indicated that low-ester pectin improved the viscoelasticity of gluten and promoted gluten aggregation. Thermal properties revealed that enthalpy of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) increased from 92.96 J/g to 95.40 J/g during heating process. Structurally, the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of gluten added with low-ester pectin (37%) were lower than those added with high-ester pectin (73%). In addition, low-ester pectin (37%) significantly increased the disulfide bond content (from 15.31 μmol/g to 18.06 μmol/g) and maintained β-sheet content of gluten compared with gluten alone at 95 °C, indicating that low-ester pectin was more likely to induce gluten aggregation. However, scanning electron microscope showed that the gluten added with low-ester pectin (46%) exhibited a denser network structure at 95 °C than that added with low-ester pectin (37%). These results will provide a theoretical base for the regulation of gluten aggregation and the quality of gluten-based products by pectin with different esterification degree.
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